Nginx初体验

1. 介绍windows环境以及linux环境安装
2. nginx作为系统服务
3. nginx 常用执行命名

windows

linux

备用知识

1. centos7 防火墙相关命令

   • 启动 systemctl start firewalld
   • 关闭 systemctl stop firewalld
   • 查看状态 systemctl status firewalld
   • 开机禁用 systemctl disable firewalld
   • 开机启动 systemctl enable firewalld
   • 添加 firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent

   （–permanent永久生效，没有此参数重启后失效）

   • 重新载入 firewall-cmd --reload
   • 查看 firewall-cmd --zone= public --query-port=80/tcp
   • 删除 firewall-cmd --zone= public --remove-port=80/tcp --permanent

安装

官方参考文档Building nginx from Sources

1. 解压文件tar -zxvf nginx-${version}.tar.gz

2. 到解压文件夹进行配置./configigure --prefix=path

–prefix=path 配置安装路径，默认/usr/local/nginx

可能会出现错误，缺少相应的library,执行命名yum -y install library library-devel进行安装

3. 执行安装make && make install

系统服务

源码安装采用init脚本进行安装

官方init脚本

#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig:   - 85 15
# description:  NGINX is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
#               proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config:      /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# config:      /etc/sysconfig/nginx
# pidfile:     /var/run/nginx.pid

# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network

# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0

nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)

NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"

[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx

lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx

make_dirs() {
   # make required directories
   user=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:.*--user=" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -`
   if [ -n "$user" ]; then
      if [ -z "`grep $user /etc/passwd`" ]; then
         useradd -M -s /bin/nologin $user
      fi
      options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`
      for opt in $options; do
          if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then
              value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`
              if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
                  # echo "creating" $value
                  mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value
              fi
          fi
       done
    fi
}

start() {
    [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
    [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
    make_dirs
    echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
    daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
    retval=$?
    echo
    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
    return $retval
}

stop() {
    echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
    killproc $prog -QUIT
    retval=$?
    echo
    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
    return $retval
}

restart() {
    configtest || return $?
    stop
    sleep 1
    start
}

reload() {
    configtest || return $?
    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
    killproc $nginx -HUP
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
}

force_reload() {
    restart
}

configtest() {
  $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}

rh_status() {
    status $prog
}

rh_status_q() {
    rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}

case "$1" in
    start)
        rh_status_q && exit 0
        $1
        ;;
    stop)
        rh_status_q || exit 0
        $1
        ;;
    restart|configtest)
        $1
        ;;
    reload)
        rh_status_q || exit 7
        $1
        ;;
    force-reload)
        force_reload
        ;;
    status)
        rh_status
        ;;
    condrestart|try-restart)
        rh_status_q || exit 0
            ;;
    *)
        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
        exit 2
esac

1. 修改脚本中nginx以及NGINX_CONF_FILE
2. 赋予运行权限 chmod +x nginx
3. 运行service相关命令service nginx start|stop|reload|status|restart

问题

1. cento7中按脚本方式安装过后，启动会报错，报错如下：

● nginx.service - SYSV: NGINX is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx; bad; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since 六 2018-10-13 19:58:32 CST; 18s ago
     Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
  Process: 7340 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx start (code=exited, status=203/EXEC)

10月 13 19:58:32 centos7-3 systemd[1]: Starting SYSV: NGINX is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server...
10月 13 19:58:32 centos7-3 systemd[1]: nginx.service: control process exited, code=exited status=203
10月 13 19:58:32 centos7-3 systemd[1]: Failed to start SYSV: NGINX is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server.
10月 13 19:58:32 centos7-3 systemd[1]: Unit nginx.service entered failed state.
10月 13 19:58:32 centos7-3 systemd[1]: nginx.service failed.

答： 查找各种资料，没找到解决办法，可采用下面两种安装办法

包安装

官方参考地址

1. 安装yum-utils

   yum -y install yum-utils

2. 创建/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo文件，文件内容如下：

   [nginx-stable]
   name=nginx stable repo
   baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
   gpgcheck=1
   enabled=1
   gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
   module_hotfixes=true
   
   [nginx-mainline]
   name=nginx mainline repo
   baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
   gpgcheck=1
   enabled=0
   gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
   module_hotfixes=true

3. 启动nginx-mainline,默认是启用nginx-stable

   sudo yum-config-manager --enable nginx-mainline

4. 执行yum -y install nginx进行安装

安装目录为/etc/nginx，公共的配置文件在nginx.conf中，私有配置在conf.d/default.conf中

执行命令

官方文档地址

• 启动 ./nginx

• 立即停止 ./nginx -s stop

• 体面停止 ./nginx -s quit

• 生效配置文件 ./nginx -s reload

• 校验配置文件 ./nginx -t